背景 Background 

作为形式和空间研究的一部分，环境与建筑学院（SEA）在本科第三、第四学期教学中重点关注与建筑方式有关的类型学和本体论的调查。关于建筑的“目的”和“内容”问题对于这些设计工作室的构想至关重要。本次讲述将着重介绍教师和学生在“家”问题上进行的长达一年的城市探访。“何为家？”项目旨在将孟买十个社区的历史汇编成册（作为同由SEA发起的孟买长期社区研究的一部分）。目前正在考虑的社区位置，分散于市中心至北部边缘，也是为满足日益增长的城市资本的需要，而对城市移民进行重新安置的场所。研究的第一部分 ——在这些区域中提炼出一个关于“家”的概念性冲动装置——已在2016年科钦双年展中进行了展示。该研究也进一步调查并研究了“何为家？”，认识这些社区的人们在寻求新的城市居住方法时所发明出来的新的关于“安居”的逻辑，从而为新的设计方法制定策略。

As a part of the formal and spatial studies, the School of Environment & Architecture (SEA) focuses on typological and ontological investigations related to built form over the third and fourth semester. The question of intent and content of architecture is central to the formulation of these design studios. This presentation will focus on one such year long inquiry undertaken by the faculty and students on the question of “Home” in the city. The project “What is a Home?” was undertaken in order to compile histories of ten neighbourhoods in Mumbai (as a part of the long term Mumbai Neighborhood Studies initiated by SEA). The present sites under consideration, distributed over central to northern fringe of the city, have also been sites of resettlement and rehabilitation of migrants who were displaced to accommodate the growing city capital. The first part of the study – deriving a conceptual apparatus of the impulses of the “home” in these sites was presented at the Kochi Biennale 2016. The study was taken further to investigate as well as explore the question of “What is a home?” and strategize new design methods while acknowledging newer logics of “settling” that people in these neighbourhoods devise while finding new ways of inhabiting the city. 

摘要 Abstract  

城市历史同时是移民、安置和定居的故事。这既关乎运动，又关于建立家。这个“安家”和“造家”的过程是复杂的，伴随着人们创造的空间中深深的现象共鸣。在这种极端的迁置案例中，我们已有的关于空间的分类思想，将其视为私有财产、私人空间、可被买卖的商品、一关门就把外部世界隔断的有边界的空间、安全的空间、或如加斯东·巴舍拉（Gaston Bachelard）所说的那种可以安心做梦的地方——都变得摇摇欲坠。孟买东郊的社区历史经历了激烈的移民/被迫迁徙，以及紧随其后的定居和巩固（重）建家园的行动。与一般发展叙述中开发商似乎是唯一的房屋交付主体不同，我们看到了作为主体的人如何在上述的每个案例中为建造家园做出了贡献，而城市形式被用各种不同方式所清晰阐述。我们将这项研究延伸到如下场景中——重建和升级可以成为有助于保持这些环境中出现的多样性和分层生活。这样的建筑过程会是什么？被丰富多层的生活所放弃、而被无处不在的公寓类型所熨平的家的各种纲领性议题是什么？如何在保留多个占有阶段和生活层面的过程中诞生出丰富的建筑词汇？通过民众的叙述、物质和地理，我们要问：“何为家？”家由什么构成？它是如何建立/制造/持续/生活/爱/做梦？

Histories of cities are at the same time stories of migrations, displacements and settling. These are as much about movements as about setting up of homes. This process of settling and the making of homes are complex with deep phenomenological resonances in the spaces that people create. In this extreme case of displacement, all our set categories of thinking of space as private property, as private space, as a commodity that can be bought and sold, as a bounded space that shuts the outdoors away, a space of security, a safe place to dream as Gaston Bachelard puts it, are all destabilized. The neighborhood histories of sites in the eastern suburbs of Mumbai have seen intense migrations/displacements and then acts of settling and consolidation to (re)make homes. As opposed to the generic development narrative, where the developer seems to be the only agent of housing delivery, we see how human agency contributes to the making of home in each of the above chosen cases, where the urban form gets articulated in varied ways. We extend this research to a scenario where reorganization, reconstruction and upgradation can become an alternative form of development, helping retain multiplicities and layered lives that emerge in these environments. What would such a process of architecture be? What are the various programmatic propositions of home that a rich layered living throws up, that the ubiquitous apartment type irons out? How can a rich architectural vocabulary emerge out of retaining the multiple tenures and layers of living? Through the narratives of its people, material and geographies we ask the question ‘What is a Home?’ How is a home constituted? How is it built / made / sustained / lived / loved / dreamt in?